 Reviewed by Sachita B Rudrapuri Under the Guidance of Prof. Ravindra D Gadkar Malcolm Payne (born 13 June 1947),is a retired Polish-English academic and writer in the field of Social Work. He was director, psycho-social and spiritual care taker at St. Christopher’s Hospice. He had broad experience of social work having worked in probation, mental health, day care, social work and spiritual care. He is best known for his ‘Modern social work’ theory textbook.
Systematic thought and modern scientific practices regarding social work are of recent origin. In old tribal societies, the aged, the mentally feeble and the disabled were either cared for or neglected according to the affections, abilities or traditions of the groups. In some, the aged were respected and their advice sought, while in others they were considered a burden and were neglected. The disabled were disregarded and even killed off at birth.
Introduction
A survey, whether in India or abroad, reveals the relative absence of theoretical and analytical literature dealing with social welfare-its nature, goal, function and evolution. This is more so with regard to the Indian situation. A limited attempt at the theoretical analysis of social welfare in the Indian social context has been made by only Gore. Explaining his approach to social welfare, Gore makes reference to the relationship between social welfare and social structure in some of his writings. He also states that his approach is sociological.  Abstract
Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) is a psychological illness that involves severe mood swings. These mood swings take the form of depression or mania and may last for several months at a time. Depression which effects both the mind and the body and it is a leading cause of disability, workplace absenteeism, decreased productivity and high suicide rates (Michaud, et al 2001). During mania patients often have increased libido, need less sleep, have excessive energy and can sometimes engage in risky behaviour (such as gambling excessively) or can even become violent. In this regard an effort has made to explain the management of a case which is diagnosed as Bipolar Affective Disorder currently Mania with Psychotic Symptoms, detailed psychosocial assessment explored significant factors wherein he was not able to cope up with the same. Multidisciplinary team work helped him to reach a better functional level. Keywords: Bipolar Affective Disorder, Mania, Depression, Psychotic Symptoms  Alcohol and other psycho-active drugs that can lead to addiction are collectively referred to as ‘substances’. Substances like alcohol are viewed in some countries or cultures as legal whereas drugs like cannabis and heroin are considered illegal. Medically used drugs such as pain killers and sleeping tablets can also lead to addiction when used without the doctor’s advice or in a larger quantity or frequency than prescribed.
 House is the place which has lot of importance in the lives of all the human beings. As a human being, we all dream for a own and beautiful house. Every individual dream for building a house. With the increased demand for the construction structures or architectures the demand for building and other construction workers has also been increasing. The construction industry has demand for plenty of workers and so do many people enter into the field of construction industry as it doesn’t demand any particular qualification or complicated skillset. We all keep seeing how many construction workers keep working on road sides or outside exposing themselves to sun, rain, winter or dust. The nature of work involved itself is very hard but instead of people being respected about the risks they take in their work, or the physical hard work they do in their occupation, construction workers not treated with much respect. They are treated as of low status.
 The state in developing countries occupies a pivotal position in welfare, redistribution, rebuilding and modernization. The ultimate aim of all these is supposed to be Social Development. This is believed to be made possible through a slew of Social Policies and Planning. Hence, we shall try to understand the theoretical perspectives underlying the concepts of Social Policy and Social Planning.
 In the evolution of social welfare in India, like in many countries, two broad trends can be noticed: reform of the society and the provision of specific services to the handicapped and disadvantaged individuals and groups. Much before the beginning of social reform during the nineteenth century, there were several religious reform movements by the saints. They were revolting against the religious inequality and in some cases against social inequality as well. They fought against the prevalent practice of excluding the lower groups in society from opportunities to worship God, and their access to religious knowledge. Some of them attempted to remove the social discrimination by preaching that all human beings were equal before God.
 Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is synonymous with unforeseen seizures that affect multiple domains of an individual’s lives. The impact of the disease is seen among all age groups and it is the fourth most widespread neurological disorder. It has been seen that the stigma and the discrimination attached to the disease by the society is more challenging to handle compared to the physical symptoms. The epileptic seizures tend to affect the personal as well as the professional lives of the individuals and also interfere with common activities such as driving along with the safety of the person. Key words: epilepsy, psycho-social intervention, seizures  Even though the concept of sexual harassment is as old as the history of mankind, its implication at the work place has received attention in recent times. In fact until the verdict in Vishaka Vs. State of Rajasthan (1997) case by the Supreme Court of India in 1997, there were no official guidelines to deal with the subject. The case relates to an alleged gang rape of a social worker in a village of Rajasthan. In this case the court opined that sexual harassment at work place amounts to violation of individual rights guaranteed under Article 14 (equality before law); 15 (prohibition of discrimination on the ground of sex,); 19 (right to practice freely any profession, trade or occupation); 42 (provision for humane conditions of work), and the citizens duties under Article 51A to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
Social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favourable to this goal. Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: helping people obtain tangible services; counselling and psychotherapy with individuals, families, and groups; helping communities or groups provide or improve processes (adopted by National Association of Social Workers). Service, social justice, dignity, integrity, and interpersonal relationships form the underlying values of social work orientations. Social work promotes social change and problem-solving and enables the wellbeing of people through empowerment and liberation. Social workers are required to serve as change agents and play a key role in influencing individuals, families, and the society they serve. Hence, the impact of any social initiative largely depends on the people driving and implementing it. The practice of social work requires knowledge of human development and behaviour; of social, economic, and cultural institutions; and of the interactions of all these factors. In this context, people’s maturity assumes great significance in driving social work practice towards excellence.
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