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Niruta Publications

Undergraduate PHYSICS (Volume II) - ELECTROSTATICS AND MAGNETISM

1/8/2017

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Mangala Gowri M, Dr. Ramakrishna G, Harisha Kumar K, Narayan Gaonkar
Pages. 343
PREFACE
Higher education in India today is witnessing a revolution of sorts. Gone are the days when classroom teaching was considered an indispensable aspect of the educationsystem. The ubiquitous nature of the internet and new media has made a variety of learning tools available to a student at his or her bidding. Teacher is no more a role, but a function. Contrary to the common opinion, integration of technology with education, instead of undermining the functions of a teacher makes them even more emphatic. These changing times are as exciting as they are challenging. The new dynamics of education have presented a ‘predicament’ to the universities and other institutions of learning. On the one hand, the field of education needs to go deeper encompassing new platforms and avenues of learning. And on the other, it requires to grow broader and inclusive, striving tirelessly and continuously to reach every single individual craving for and in need of it.
The Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) being adopted widely by universities in India is one of the ways to make education grow deep. This new system has many advantages. Not only does it make the process of learning flexible, but also helps in self-learning. It necessarily adds new interdisciplinary dimensions to learning. Hence, the curriculum and course material that our eager students are provided with require to transform themselves keeping the goals and purposes of the CBCS in mind.
 
It gives us great pleasure to present this textbook Undergraduate Physicsto our readers. This book is written to allow its readers achieve a high degree of conceptual clarity without them having to labour too much for it. As the major chunk of our intended readership comprises of students, we have strived   to   make   physics  easy  and,   what   more,   enjoyable.   Relevant information about  many  renowned  scientists’  lives  and  works  has  been incorporated. We have been conscious enough also to include material that would help students in preparing for different assessments and evaluations. Definitions have been highlighted; summaries of various units/topics have been provided; worked-out examples are on offer; conceptual questions have been framed; model question papers find a place; and a good number of figures, graphs, tables and charts are included. We believe that this book is going to benefit its readers immensely.
 
We express our heartfelt gratitude to every single soul involved in bringing out this book. We have been fortunate enough to receive encouragement and kind assistance from various quarters. Tumkur university, which the authors

of this book have affiliation with, and “Niruta”, who have published this book, deserve a special mention here. Yet, as this is the first attempt of the kind for the authors, errors and lapses could have occurred. Such lapses, if any, are our own. We only hope that the positives of the book will outweigh its negatives, if any. We also hope that reading this book will be pleasurable for you.

 
Authors
30 December 2016
Tumakuru
Contents
Electrostatics and Magnetism
UNITI

1.1 Vector Analysis Graphical Representation of Vectors
Types of Vectors
Addition of vectors
Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition
Subtraction of Vector
Resolution of Vectors
Laws of Vector Algebra
Scalar Field
Vector Field
Dot Product
Cross Product
Triple Products
Differential Calculus
Geometrical Interpretation of the Gradient
The Divergence
The Curl
Product Rules
Second Derivatives
Line integral
Surface Integrals
Volume Integrals
The Fundamental Theorem for Gradients
Gauss Divergence Theorem
Stoke’s Theorem
Solved Examples
Exercise
Questions
Conceptual Questions


1.2 Electrostatics
Electric Flux
Gauss’ Law
Electric Field due to Point Charge
An Infinite Line of Charge
Uniformly Charged Spherical Shell
Uniformly Charged Solid Sphere
Summary
Electric Potential Energy
Electric Potential  
Potential due to Point Charge                                                               
Potential due to a Dipole           
Potential due to Spherical Shell           
Potential due to Solid Sphere              
Summary                                                                                                   
Capacitance                                                                                               
Parallel Plate Capacitor           
Capacitance   of   Concentric   Spherical              
Shells
Capacitance of Isolated Sphere                     
Cylindrical Capacitor                  
Energy per Unit Volume in Electrostatic            
Field
Dielectric medium                                                                                   
Polarization                    
Bound Charges                 
Electric Displacement                   
Dielectric Constant                      
Parallel Plate Capacitor with Dielectric                
Summary                               
Solved Examples                    
Exercise                          
Questions                 
Conceptual Questions              
 
UNIT II                                                                                              
2.1 Magnetostatics 
                                                                        
Oersted Experiment                                                                                   
Biot-Savart’s Law                                                                                    
Right   hand  thumb   rule   for   straight                                               
Magnetic Field Due to Current in a Long Straight Conductor
Magnetic Field Due to Current in a Straight Conductor of Finite Length
Magnetic Field along the Axis of a Solenoid
Magnetic Field Due to Current Passing through Circular Coil
Divergence of a Magnetic Field                                                               
Curl of a Magnetic Field                                                                          
Magnetic Vector Potential                                                                     
Ampere’s Circuital Law                                                                          
Magnetic field at a point due to a straight current carrying conductor
Magnetic field on the Axis of a Solenoid
 
2.2 Magnetic Fields and Force
Motion of a Charged Particle in Magnetic Field
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule                                                                          
Force on a Current Carrying Conductor                                                    
Torque on a Current Loop in a Uniform                                                    
Magnetic Field
Ballistic Galvanometer                                                                             
Charge Sensitivity of Ballistic Galvanometer
Current Sensitivity of Ballistic Galvanometer
Voltage Sensitivity of Ballistic Galvanometer
Figure of Merit                                                                                         
Effect of Damping                                                                                    
Uses of BG                                                                                            
Determination  of  High  Resistance  by Leakage Using BG
Dead Beat Galvanometer                                                                        
 
2.3 Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Flux
Coil-Magnetic Experiment
Coil-Coil Experiment
Faraday’s Laws of ElectromagneticInduction
Lenz’s Law
Eddy Currents (OR) Foucault Currents
Disadvantage of Eddy Currents
Uses (Advantages) of Eddy Currents
Self-induction
Expression for Self-inductance of Coil                                                
Mutual Induction                                                                                  
Expression for Energy Stored in the Coil
Solved Examples                                                                                     
Exercise                                                                                                
Questions                                                                                          
ConceptualQuestions                                                                             
 
UNIT III
3.1 Magnetic Properties of Materials

Origin of Magnetism
Gauss’s Law of Magnetism
Intensity of Magnetization
Magnetizing Force or Intensity
Magnetic induction
Permeability
Magnetic Susceptibility
Classification of Magnetic Materials
Paramagnetic Substances
Derivation of Curie’s law (Langevin’s Theory)
Diamagnetic Substances
Ferromagnetic Substances
Curie-Weiss law
Magnetic Domain
Antiferromagnetism
Ferrimagnetism
Hysteresis
Hysteresis Loss
Solved Examples
Exercise
Questions
Conceptual Questions
 
3.2 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
Equation of continuity of current
Displacement current
Maxwell's equations
Gauss’s Law for Electric Fields
Gauss’s Law for Magnetic Fields 
Faraday’s Law of Induction
Generalized Ampere’s Law
EM Waves in Vacuum
EM Waves in Isotropic Dielectric Medium
Poynting’s Theorem
Transverse nature of EM waves
Polarization
Solved Examples
Exercise
Questions
Conceptual Questions
 
UNIT IV
4.1 Transient Phenomena

Electric Current
Electrical Potential Difference
Ohm’s Law
IR Drop
Kirchoff’s Current Law
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law
Energy Storing Circuit Elements
Transient Current
Series RC Circuit
Series RL Circuit
Series RLC Circuit
Solved Examples
Exercise
Questions
Conceptual Questions

4.2 AC Circuits
Alternating Current
RMS Value of AC Current
Form Factor
Phase
Analysis of AC Circuits
AC Circuit with Pure Resistance
AC Circuit with Pure Inductance
AC Circuit with Pure Capacitance
j-operator representation
Series Resonance Circuit 
Resonance
Quality Factor
Parallel Resonance Circuit
Solved Examples
Exercise
Questions
Conceptual Questions
 
4.3 Network Theorems
Voltage Source
Current Source
Thevenin’s Theorem
Norton’s Theorem
Superposition Theorem
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Solved Examples
Problems
Questions
Conceptual Questions
 

Appendix 1 Syllabus for Semester II 
Appendix 2 Model Question Paper 1 
Appendix 3 Model Question Paper 2
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