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Special Articles / Bharath Bhushan Mamidi, Radha R. Chada / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Street vending has become an integral part of urban economies and certainly has existed for hundreds of years. Street vending has in more recent times become a matter of concern to civil society and authorities in developing countries, especially in India, which has around ten million street vendors with three million of them street food vendors. This chapter surveys briefly different approaches to organising street vendors in India. A case study of Hyderabad city with around 120,000 vendors and different community organisation initiatives with street vendors offers a glimpse into varied possible approaches of organising street vendors.
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Special Articles / Ndungi wa Mungai / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
In this chapter I present a case for using an Ubuntu approach in community development work with young African diaspora communities in Australia. The challenge faced in social work and community development in working with such immigrant groups is that the dominant individualistic-based theoretical approaches do not work effectively for people from communities with a predominantly collective understanding of themselves. An Ubuntu approach means that the Africans see themselves as agents, actors, and participants in determining their destiny rather than accepting a marginalised position in relation to the professionals. Special Articles / Abraham P. Francis, Venkat Pulla / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
In this last chapter, the authors intend to provide a snapshot of the main discussions, themes and issues that have emerged for us. As has been evident from the previous chapters, community practice takes places in a wider socio-political context and social workers/ community development workers are urged to ‘work with people rather than for people’. We appreciate that we live in a world of uncertainties and we do not know what the future holds for us either. This is true for several communities across the globe that are deprived of basic necessities in life and are dependent on the NGOs or Government interventions to find a solution to their everyday concerns. Special Articles / Kalpana Goel / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
It has been well acknowledged in the literature that successful settlement of new arrivals (both international and interstate) and their families is crucial for theirintegration and well-being in a host society. This will also result in population sustainability and meetingindustry requirements in regional areas. This chapter posits that community-based organisations (CBOs) are in a unique position to provide settlement services which are socially inclusive and evolve community participation under immigration department policy guidelines. Thechapter illustrates how a community development approach is a useful theory/constructto guide the practice of a community-based organisation that isproviding settlement services to new immigrants. This is demonstrated by using a case study of the ‘Settling our Future’ program provided through one of the community-basedorganisations in aregional city of South Australia.The author demonstrates that community development principles and approaches are the backbone of providing effective servicesto meet the needs of new arrivals in the regional town. The chapterfurther examines the role of the community development worker as a facilitator in establishing, developing and sustaining these initiatives which have a community basis. Special Articles / James Mugisha, Joshua Ssebunnya, Dorothy Kizza, Fred Kigozi / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Uganda is experiencing rapid growth and development.There are reported high changes in the gross national product (GDP percapita) and high rates of urbanisation across the country. One of the clear effects of modernisation and urbanisation are the reported weakening family systems.Families are becomingmore nucleated, yet,in the past,people with mental health problems could largely depend on the extended family systems for social supportin their recovery from mental health problems. This implies that people with mental health problems, especially in urban areas, grapple with challenges related to securing social support. The microfinance strategy, however, has potential in bridging this gap. It could provide alternative support services that were previously being provided by the extended family. In this chapter, the contribution of microfinance is organised under the following themes: supporting access to treatment, reduction in self-treatment, providing opportunities for leadership training, fighting social exclusion, opening doors for advocacy, and promotion of self-esteem and inclusiveness.The chapter ends with a focus on how mental health service delivery can be improved in the future. Key words:Microfinance, social support mental health recovery Special Articles / Abraham Francis, Venkat Pulla, Kalpana Goel / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
It is estimated that 450 million people are experiencing mental illness at any one time, most of whom live in developing countries and a great majority of them being women (World Health Organization, 2001). Mental illness affects one in four people at some stage during their lives. This paper based on a review of literature delineates the scope of community development in mental health promotion. To make more meaning relevant Australian references are utilised in this review essay. Mental illness is common in Australia with one in five Australians experiencing a mental illness at some stage in their lives, and many experiencing more than one mental illness at one time (Mindframe National Media Initiative, 2011). In this paper the authors review perspectives currently available for health promotion in social work in relation to mental health. Special Articles / Bala Raju Nikku / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Recognising the global, regional and local forces that are influencing communities, this chapter, based on the author’s experience as a social work educator and community practitioner in the region, aims to discuss the nature and challenges for community work and its relationship to social work. Two central questions raised are: 1. How to organise South Asian communities that are negatively impacted by local and global social policies and practices, internal conflicts and weak governance systems? 2. How to introduce students of Social Work to the philosophical, political, and sociological theories that inform community organising and advocacy? Special Articles / Fredrik Velander, Andreia Schineanu / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
This chapter explores community development from a vantage point where culture is essential in empowering communities and unlocking the full potential of self-efficacy for successful and sustainable change. We approach the concept of culturally secure community development from the context of Indigenous communities across the world; however, for the purposes of this chapter, we have considered the situation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia. Special Articles / Subhasis Bhadra, Venkat Pulla / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Climate change or otherwise disasters seem to occur in every part of the world: largely natural and some attributed to wrong interventions of humans into nature. Only a few months ago (June 2013) the Indian government conducted a mammoth rescue operation in Uttarakhand. Most relief and recovery be it India or Australia requires time and resources that go beyond the immediate crisis relief. Crucially the survivors of disaster need to get back to normalcy through their engagement and recovery by strengthening their own capacity. This process of individual and community recovery is recognised as psychosocial supports essentially referred to as the most important intervention in disaster management practice. The survivor community in disaster recovery becomes the key stakeholder and community participation anchors the lifeline for pursuing community change. In this chapter the authors present a community development perspective of the various phases of the disaster management cycle focusing on relief, rehabilitation, rebuilding and finally disaster preparedness that attempts to strengthen resilience at individual and community levels. The authors have drawn on their previous work relating to the 2004 Tsunami while explaining the various concepts. Keywords: Resilience building, Community development, Disaster management, Tsunami, Social work, Psychosocial well-being Special Articles / Heather Percey, Peter Orpin / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Community development isan important strategy to achieve change and develop communities. It can be a vehicle for community members to take charge of the development of their community by working together collectively. This chapter explores how the formation of Safety-Net Groups in communities can become the means and outcome of community development in rural communities.The process of formation of such groups facilitates the development of social cohesion, community belonging and social capital. The groups themselves provide a safety-net to people who are experiencing social isolation and deprivation. Special Articles / Heather Percey, Peter Orpin / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Community development (CD) involves dynamic processes which are particularly visible in rural communities.Rural CD projects can have unintended consequences upon the interwoven dynamics of the fabric of rural communities, independent of whether or not project objectives are achieved.A greater theoretical understanding of these processes is needed to better manage outcomes and side-effects. Special Articles / Joy Penman / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
The University of South Australia at Whyalla has been involved in various community engagements, including health education sessions, which enable community members to build their self-management capacity and increase the human capital of the community.These educational sessions are conducted by staff and invited guest speakers, including this author who is an academic and also health director of a local church congregation. Special Articles / Anne Riggs, Venkat Pulla / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
Common to community development and social work processes and art (drawing, painting, collage, sculpture) are opportunities to express emotions, thoughts, memories and ideas. Yet the recognition and nurturing of a symbiotic relationship between the two professions to build the psychosocial supports that could enhance the quality of life of our clients has not become a mainstream agenda. The arts for a long time have remained at the periphery of community development and social work processes. While the profession of social work provides coping, resilience and active hope (Pulla, 2013; Pulla & Riggs, 2013), forms of art would assist in regenerating purpose, rejuvenating life processes and uplifting the affective domain of our client systems. Arts-centred community building is inherently complex because it involves other community sectors such as social services, community development and public safety. This chapter utilises autoethnography (Chase, 2013) in its methodology, combined with critical arts-based critical inquiry (Finley, 2013). Key words: Art and Social Work, Resilience Development, Artists is Community, Community Development, Empowerment Special Articles / Narayan Gopalkrishnan / Community Work : Theories, Experiences & Challenges Abstract
In the 21st century, the process of globalisation continues at a rapid pace, fuelled by improvements in information and communication technology and infrastructure. Very little of what happens in the world is a local event and there is constant interaction between the global and the local. Globalisation has also led to a number of complex transnational problems, such as climate change and the global financial crisis, problems that impact most heavily on marginalised communities and individuals in society. In this chapter, the role that community development can play in enabling professional social workers to respond effectively to the impacts of globalisation is analysed. The themes drawn from this discussion are further examined in the context of social work and social work education. The chapter closes with a delineation of Integrated Social Work as an approach to enabling future social workers to work effectively in a globalised world. Keywords: Community Development, Social Work, Social Work Education, Integrated Social Work, Micro-Macro Approaches, Globalisation. |
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